Wales
MEES 2031 exposure in Cardiff
124 of the 170 industrial and warehouse buildings over 1,000 m² in Cardiff with an EPC are rated C to E: 3.5m sq ft (322,635 m²) of floorspace that meets today's E minimum but falls short of the proposed EPC B standard.
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Cardiff in figures
EPC register, snapshot 30 Sep 2026
- Rated C to E
- 3.5m sq ft322,635 m² in 124 buildings
- Rated F or G
- 5 buildings199k sq ft (18,497 m²), below today's E minimum
- Rated A+ to B
- 41 buildingsAlready at the proposed standard
- Share below B
- 76%Of 170 buildings over 1,000 m². England and Wales: 70%
Cardiff has the 95th most floorspace rated C to E of 316 local authorities in England and Wales, and the 7th most of 22 in Wales.
EPC rating mix
Share of buildings over 1,000 m², by latest EPC rating
- Cardiff170 buildings24%73%
- Wales1,738 buildings22%75%
- England and Wales38,148 buildings30%67%
Latest certificate per building from the government's EPC register, snapshot 30 Sep 2026. Industrial and warehouse uses (B2 and B8), floor area over 1,000 m² as declared on the EPC; 1 m² is 10.7639 sq ft. How we count it
What stands out in Cardiff
Compared with the other 21 local authorities in Wales and with England and Wales, from the same EPC register snapshot.
- Most of its floorspace rated C to E, 61% or 2.1m sq ft (195,727 m²), is in 110 buildings of 1,000 to 5,000 m².
- 69 of its 129 buildings rated C to G (53%) have an EPC that has lapsed or is estimated to lapse before 2031, against 54% across England and Wales; 35 have already lapsed.
- 18 of its 60 C-rated buildings (30%) have an asset rating of 51 to 60, within 10 points of band B: 704k sq ft (65,403 m²) of floorspace. Across England and Wales it's 37%.
- In the 12 months to 30 Sep 2026, 37 industrial and warehouse buildings of any size here had an EPC lodged to be let and 61 for a marketed sale, 98 in all: the most of any local authority in Wales.
- The recommendation lodged most often on its certificates rated C to G is “Consider replacing T8 lamps with retrofit T5 conversion kit” (EPC-L5), on 97 of 129 buildings.
Every rating, A+ to G
Cardiff's 170 industrial and warehouse buildings over 1,000 m² by latest EPC rating, beside Wales and the whole of England and Wales.
By latest EPC rating
Share is of buildings over 1,000 m² in each area.
| Rating | Buildings | Floor area | Share | Wales | England and Wales |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A+ | 1 | 57k sq ft5,335 m² | 1% | 1% | 2% |
| A | 4 | 688k sq ft63,877 m² | 2% | 5% | 10% |
| B | 36 | 929k sq ft86,276 m² | 21% | 17% | 19% |
| C | 60 | 1.9m sq ft175,354 m² | 35% | 40% | 36% |
| D | 50 | 1.3m sq ft117,084 m² | 29% | 26% | 22% |
| E | 14 | 325k sq ft30,197 m² | 8% | 9% | 9% |
| F | 2 | 130k sq ft12,092 m² | 1% | 1% | 1% |
| G | 3 | 69k sq ft6,405 m² | 2% | 2% | 2% |
Within 10 points of B
Rated C with an asset rating of 51 to 60. Band B ends at 50.
18 buildings
Of 60 rated C (30%), with 704k sq ft (65,403 m²) of floorspace. England and Wales: 37% of C-rated buildings.
By building size
Floor area as declared on the EPC.
| Floor area | Buildings | Rated B or better | C to E floor area |
|---|---|---|---|
| Over 1,000 to 5,000 m² | 148 | 23%34 of 148 | 2.1m sq ft195,727 m² |
| Over 5,000 to 10,000 m² | 12 | 33%4 of 12 | 517k sq ft48,013 m² |
| Over 10,000 m² | 10 | 30%3 of 10 | 849k sq ft78,895 m² |
Certificates and lettings
An EPC lasts 10 years, and a valid one is needed to let or sell. We estimate expiry as the lodgement date plus 10 years.
When the certificates lapse
Buildings over 1,000 m², by when their latest EPC lapses, at 30 Sep 2026.
| EPC lapses | All buildings | Rated C to G | C to G floor area |
|---|---|---|---|
| Already lapsed | 35 | 35 | 1.0m sq ft93,874 m² |
| Rest of 2026 | 3 | 2 | 38k sq ft3,541 m² |
| In 2027 | 7 | 7 | 121k sq ft11,208 m² |
| In 2028 | 10 | 8 | 230k sq ft21,329 m² |
| In 2029 | 10 | 9 | 452k sq ft42,011 m² |
| In 2030 | 9 | 8 | 353k sq ft32,810 m² |
| 2031 or later | 96 | 60 | 1.5m sq ft136,359 m² |
New EPCs in the last year
Industrial and warehouse buildings of any size whose latest EPC was lodged in the 12 months to 30 Sep 2026, by the reason on the certificate.
- To let
- 37buildings
- Marketed sale
- 61buildings
- New build
- 0buildings
- Other reasons
- 3buildings
101 in all: 37% to let, against 56% across England and Wales. How the daily feed works
Uses, heating and recommendations
What the buildings are used for, how they're heated, and what assessors recommended on the certificates of those rated C to G.
By use
Use from the EPC's property type.
| Use | Buildings | B or better | C to E | F or G | C to E floor area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Storage and distribution (B8) | 95 | 26 | 67 | 2 | 1.9m sq ft176,086 m² |
| General industrial (B2) | 75 | 15 | 57 | 3 | 1.6m sq ft146,549 m² |
By main heating fuel
As recorded on each building's latest EPC.
| Main heating fuel | Buildings | Share | England and Wales |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural gas | 89 | 52% | 53% |
| Grid supplied electricity | 70 | 41% | 37% |
| Other | 9 | 5% | 4% |
| LPG | 1 | 1% | 1% |
| Oil | 1 | 1% | 4% |
What assessors recommend
The five most common on the latest certificates of its 129 buildings rated C to G, in the register's wording. A recommendation is the assessor's, not a requirement.
- 01
Consider replacing T8 lamps with retrofit T5 conversion kit.
EPC-L5. On 97 of 129 buildings (75%)
- 02
Consider installing PV.
EPC-R4. On 84 of 129 buildings (65%)
- 03
Introduce HF (high frequency) ballasts for fluorescent tubes: Reduced number of fittings required.
EPC-L7. On 81 of 129 buildings (63%)
- 04
Consider installing solar water heating.
EPC-R3. On 81 of 129 buildings (63%)
- 05
Add optimum start/stop to the heating system.
EPC-H7. On 77 of 129 buildings (60%)
How Cardiff compares
Cardiff has 0.3% of the industrial floorspace rated C to E in England and Wales. 76% of its buildings over 1,000 m² are below B, against 78% across Wales and 70% nationally.
Against the region and the country
| Area | Over 1,000 m² | Rated C to E | C to E floor area | Rated F or G | Share below B |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiff | 170 | 124 | 3.5m sq ft322,635 m² | 5 | 76% |
| Wales | 1,738 | 1,295 | 55.9m sq ft5,191,184 m² | 54 | 78% |
| England and Wales | 38,148 | 25,619 | 1.01bn sq ft94,020,657 m² | 1,037 | 70% |
Nearby in the Wales ranking
| Rank | Local authority | C to E floor area |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | Wrexham | 4.2m sq ft393,385 m² |
| 6 | Rhondda Cynon Taf | 4.1m sq ft378,425 m² |
| 7 | Cardiff | 3.5m sq ft322,635 m² |
| 8 | Swansea | 3.4m sq ft318,201 m² |
| 9 | Neath Port Talbot | 3.3m sq ft307,641 m² |
What the 2031 proposal means
In June 2026 the government said it intends that privately rented non-domestic buildings over 1,000 m² reach EPC B from 2031, where cost effective. It needs secondary legislation, so for now it's a proposal, not law. What the proposal means
C to E: fine today, short of B
Cardiff has 124 buildings over 1,000 m² rated C to E. They meet today's E minimum, but would fall short of B if the proposal becomes law while they're let.F or G: below the minimum already
5 buildings in Cardiff are rated F or G. If let, they already need an improvement or a registered exemption under today's rules.Where cost effective, and only when let
The 7-year payback test and the exemptions remain. Owner-occupied buildings are counted too, as an EPC can't say whether a building is let. Local weights and measures authorities enforce the rules. MEES in plain EnglishRatings change at renewal
69 of Cardiff's buildings rated C to G have an EPC that has lapsed or is estimated to lapse before 2031. Each needs a new certificate before it's let or sold, and the new rating may differ.
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