West Midlands

MEES 2031 exposure in Birmingham

606 of the 856 industrial and warehouse buildings over 1,000 m² in Birmingham with an EPC are rated C to E: 21.7m sq ft (2,013,370 m²) of floorspace that meets today's E minimum but falls short of the proposed EPC B standard.

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Birmingham in figures

EPC register, snapshot 30 Sep 2026

Rated C to E: 21.7m sq ft2,013,370 m² in 606 buildings
Rated F or G: 46 buildings1.4m sq ft (131,467 m²), below today's E minimum
Rated A+ to B: 204 buildingsAlready at the proposed standard
Share below B: 76%Of 856 buildings over 1,000 m². England and Wales: 70%

Birmingham has the most floorspace rated C to E of 316 local authorities in England and Wales, and the most of 30 in the West Midlands.

EPC rating mix

Share of buildings over 1,000 m², by latest EPC rating

Birmingham856 buildings
24%
71%
West Midlands5,308 buildings
27%
69%
England and Wales38,148 buildings
30%
67%

A+–BAt B or better alreadyC–EMeets today's E minimum, short of BF–GBelow today's E minimum

Latest certificate per building from the government's EPC register, snapshot 30 Sep 2026. Industrial and warehouse uses (B2 and B8), floor area over 1,000 m² as declared on the EPC; 1 m² is 10.7639 sq ft. How we count it

What stands out in Birmingham

Compared with the other 29 local authorities in the West Midlands and with England and Wales, from the same EPC register snapshot.

Birmingham has a higher share of buildings rated F or G (5%) than any other local authority in the West Midlands, against 3% across England and Wales.
Most of its floorspace rated C to E, 54% or 11.7m sq ft (1,088,455 m²), is in 516 buildings of 1,000 to 5,000 m².
Its largest buildings are likelier to meet B: 50% of the 54 over 10,000 m² are rated B or better, against 19% of those of 1,000 to 5,000 m².
385 of its 652 buildings rated C to G (59%) have an EPC that has lapsed or is estimated to lapse before 2031, against 54% across England and Wales; 157 have already lapsed.
114 of its 296 C-rated buildings (39%) have an asset rating of 51 to 60, within 10 points of band B: 4.8m sq ft (443,300 m²) of floorspace. Across England and Wales it's 37%.
Its storage and distribution buildings are likelier to meet B (32%) than its general industrial ones (11%).
Gas is the main heating fuel in 65% of its buildings, against 53% across England and Wales.
In the 12 months to 30 Sep 2026, 153 industrial and warehouse buildings of any size here had an EPC lodged to be let and 83 for a marketed sale, 236 in all: the most of any local authority in the West Midlands.
The recommendation lodged most often on its certificates rated C to G is “Consider replacing T8 lamps with retrofit T5 conversion kit” (EPC-L5), on 431 of 652 buildings.

Every rating, A+ to G

Birmingham's 856 industrial and warehouse buildings over 1,000 m² by latest EPC rating, beside the West Midlands and the whole of England and Wales.

By latest EPC rating

Share is of buildings over 1,000 m² in each area.

Birmingham: industrial and warehouse buildings over 1,000 m² by latest EPC rating, with the share in each band and West Midlands's and England and Wales's
Rating	Buildings	Floor area	Share	West Midlands	England and Wales
A+	6	542k sq ft50,320 m²	1%	1%	2%
A	72	7.6m sq ft709,931 m²	8%	9%	10%
B	126	6.6m sq ft608,660 m²	15%	17%	19%
C	296	11.9m sq ft1,106,254 m²	35%	37%	36%
D	208	7.0m sq ft649,063 m²	24%	23%	22%
E	102	2.8m sq ft258,053 m²	12%	9%	9%
F	16	441k sq ft40,932 m²	2%	1%	1%
G	30	975k sq ft90,535 m²	4%	2%	2%

Within 10 points of B

Rated C with an asset rating of 51 to 60. Band B ends at 50.

114 buildings

Of 296 rated C (39%), with 4.8m sq ft (443,300 m²) of floorspace. England and Wales: 37% of C-rated buildings.

By building size

Floor area as declared on the EPC.

Birmingham: industrial and warehouse buildings by floor area
Floor area	Buildings	Rated B or better	C to E floor area
Over 1,000 to 5,000 m²	682	19%127 of 682	11.7m sq ft1,088,455 m²
Over 5,000 to 10,000 m²	120	42%50 of 120	4.8m sq ft443,833 m²
Over 10,000 m²	54	50%27 of 54	5.2m sq ft481,082 m²

Certificates and lettings

An EPC lasts 10 years, and a valid one is needed to let or sell. We estimate expiry as the lodgement date plus 10 years.

When the certificates lapse

Buildings over 1,000 m², by when their latest EPC lapses, at 30 Sep 2026.

Birmingham: when each building's latest EPC lapses (estimated)
EPC lapses	All buildings	Rated C to G	C to G floor area
Already lapsed	166	157	5.5m sq ft511,537 m²
Rest of 2026	14	14	433k sq ft40,273 m²
In 2027	59	47	1.3m sq ft118,967 m²
In 2028	63	58	2.3m sq ft209,470 m²
In 2029	73	61	2.4m sq ft219,865 m²
In 2030	55	48	1.3m sq ft121,632 m²
2031 or later	426	267	9.9m sq ft923,093 m²

New EPCs in the last year

Industrial and warehouse buildings of any size whose latest EPC was lodged in the 12 months to 30 Sep 2026, by the reason on the certificate.

To let: 153buildings
Marketed sale: 83buildings
New build: 6buildings
Other reasons: 24buildings

266 in all: 58% to let, against 56% across England and Wales. How the daily feed works

Uses, heating and recommendations

What the buildings are used for, how they're heated, and what assessors recommended on the certificates of those rated C to G.

By use

Use from the EPC's property type.

Birmingham: buildings over 1,000 m² by use, from the EPC's property type
Use	Buildings	B or better	C to E	F or G	C to E floor area
Storage and distribution (B8)	512	166	323	23	12.2m sq ft1,136,315 m²
General industrial (B2)	344	38	283	23	9.4m sq ft877,055 m²

By main heating fuel

As recorded on each building's latest EPC.

Birmingham: buildings over 1,000 m² by main heating fuel on the EPC
Main heating fuel	Buildings	Share	England and Wales
Natural gas	557	65%	53%
Grid supplied electricity	254	30%	37%
Other	29	3%	4%
Oil	9	1%	4%
Biomass	6	1%	1%
LPG	1	0%	1%

What assessors recommend

The five most common on the latest certificates of its 652 buildings rated C to G, in the register's wording. A recommendation is the assessor's, not a requirement.

01
Consider replacing T8 lamps with retrofit T5 conversion kit.
EPC-L5. On 431 of 652 buildings (66%)
02
Add optimum start/stop to the heating system.
EPC-H7. On 397 of 652 buildings (61%)
03
Some windows have high U-values - consider installing secondary glazing.
EPC-E5. On 363 of 652 buildings (56%)
04
Carry out a pressure test, identify and treat identified air leakage. Enter result in EPC calculation.
EPC-E7. On 358 of 652 buildings (55%)
05
Consider installing solar water heating.
EPC-R3. On 357 of 652 buildings (55%)

How Birmingham compares

Birmingham has 2.1% of the industrial floorspace rated C to E in England and Wales. 76% of its buildings over 1,000 m² are below B, against 73% across the West Midlands and 70% nationally.

Against the region and the country

Birmingham against the West Midlands and England and Wales: industrial and warehouse buildings over 1,000 m²
Area	Over 1,000 m²	Rated C to E	C to E floor area	Rated F or G	Share below B
Birmingham	856	606	21.7m sq ft2,013,370 m²	46	76%
West Midlands	5,308	3,687	149.0m sq ft13,840,829 m²	171	73%
England and Wales	38,148	25,619	1.01bn sq ft94,020,657 m²	1,037	70%

Nearby in the West Midlands ranking

Local authorities ranked next to Birmingham in the West Midlands by floorspace rated C to E
Rank	Local authority	C to E floor area
1	Birmingham	21.7m sq ft2,013,370 m²
2	Sandwell	16.8m sq ft1,558,489 m²
3	Coventry	10.1m sq ft941,270 m²
4	Walsall	8.8m sq ft821,095 m²
5	Telford and Wrekin	8.1m sq ft755,743 m²

West Midlands in detail All 316 local authorities

What the 2031 proposal means

In June 2026 the government said it intends that privately rented non-domestic buildings over 1,000 m² reach EPC B from 2031, where cost effective. It needs secondary legislation, so for now it's a proposal, not law. What the proposal means

C to E: fine today, short of B
Birmingham has 606 buildings over 1,000 m² rated C to E. They meet today's E minimum, but would fall short of B if the proposal becomes law while they're let.
F or G: below the minimum already
46 buildings in Birmingham are rated F or G. If let, they already need an improvement or a registered exemption under today's rules.
Where cost effective, and only when let
The 7-year payback test and the exemptions remain. Owner-occupied buildings are counted too, as an EPC can't say whether a building is let. Local weights and measures authorities enforce the rules. MEES in plain English
Ratings change at renewal
385 of Birmingham's buildings rated C to G have an EPC that has lapsed or is estimated to lapse before 2031. Each needs a new certificate before it's let or sold, and the new rating may differ.

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